Dịka nhazi ahụ siri dị, enwere ike kewaa sensọ infrared n'ime ihe mmetụta thermal na sensọ foton.

Ihe mmetụta okpomọkụ

Onye na-achọpụta ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-eji ihe nchọpụta ahụ na-enweta radieshon infrared iji mepụta ịrị elu okpomọkụ, wee soro ya na mgbanwe ụfọdụ n'ime anụ ahụ. Ịtụ mgbanwe na akụrụngwa anụ ahụ ndị a nwere ike ịlele ike ma ọ bụ ike ọ na-amịkọrọ. Usoro a kapịrị ọnụ bụ nke a: Nzọụkwụ mbụ bụ ịmịnye radieshon infrared site na onye na-achọpụta ihe ọkụ iji mee ka okpomọkụ dị elu; Nzọụkwụ nke abụọ bụ iji ụfọdụ mmetụta okpomọkụ nke onye na-achọpụta ihe ọkụ na-eme ka okpomọkụ ịrị elu ghọọ mgbanwe ọkụ eletrik. Enwere ụdị mgbanwe ihe onwunwe anọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe: ụdị thermistor, ụdị thermocouple, ụdị pyroelectric, na ụdị pneumatic Gaolai.

# Ụdị thermistor

Mgbe ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpochapụ radieshon infrared, okpomọkụ na-ebili na uru nkwụsị na-agbanwe. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbanwe nguzogide na-adaba na ike radieshon infrared na-etinye obi gị dum. Ihe nchọpụta infrared mere site n'ịgbanwe nguzogide mgbe ihe na-amịkọrọ radieshon infrared na-akpọ thermistor. A na-ejikarị thermistors tụọ radieshon thermal. Enwere ụdị thermistors abụọ: metal na semiconductor.

R(T)=AT-CeD/T

R (T): uru mgbochi; T: okpomọkụ; A, C, D: ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na ihe dị iche iche.

The metal thermistor nwere nti okpomọkụ ọnụọgụ nke iguzogide, na ya zuru okè uru dị nta karịa nke a semiconductor. Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nguzogide na okpomọkụ bụ isi linear, na ọ nwere ike elu okpomọkụ nguzogide. A na-ejikarị ya maka nha ịme anwansị okpomọkụ;

Semiconductor thermistors bụ nnọọ ihe dị iche, eji maka nchọpụta radieshon, dị ka mkpu, ọkụ na-echebe usoro, na okpomọkụ search na nsochi radiator.

# Thermocouple ụdị

Thermocouple, nke a na-akpọkwa thermocouple, bụ ngwaọrụ nchọpụta ọkụ ọkụ mbụ, ụkpụrụ ọrụ ya bụ mmetụta pyroelectric. Njikọ nke ihe ndị nduzi abụọ dị iche iche mejupụtara nwere ike ịmepụta ike electromotive na nkwụsị. A na-akpọ njedebe nke thermocouple na-anata radieshon njedebe na-ekpo ọkụ, na njedebe nke ọzọ ka a na-akpọ njedebe oyi. Ihe a na-akpọ mmetụta thermoelectric, ya bụ, ọ bụrụ na ihe abụọ a dị iche iche na-eduzi ihe na-ejikọta ya na akaghị aka, mgbe okpomọkụ dị na nkwonkwo abụọ dị iche, a ga-emepụta ugbu a na akaghị.

Iji meziwanye ọnụọgụ absorption, a na-etinye ihe mkpuchi ọla edo ojii na njedebe dị ọkụ iji mepụta ihe nke thermocouple, nke nwere ike ịbụ ígwè ma ọ bụ semiconductor. Ihe owuwu a nwere ike ịbụ ahịrị ma ọ bụ ihe dị n'ụdị warara, ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri dị gịrịgịrị nke teknụzụ na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ teknụzụ fotolithography mere. A na-ejikarị ụdị thermocouples eme ihe maka nha okpomọkụ, na ụdị thermocouples dị mkpa (nke nwere ọtụtụ thermocouples n'usoro) ka a na-ejikarị atụle radieshon.

Oge na-adịgide adịgide nke ụdị thermocouple infrared na-achọpụta ihe dị nnọọ ukwuu, ya mere oge nzaghachi dị ogologo, na àgwà ndị na-adịghị ike na-adịchaghị mma. Ugboro nke mgbanwe radieshon n'akụkụ ugwu kwesịrị n'ozuzu n'okpuru 10HZ. Na ngwa bara uru, a na-ejikọta ọtụtụ thermocouples n'usoro iji mepụta thermopile iji chọpụta ike nke radieshon infrared.

# Pyroelectric ụdị

Ihe nchọpụta infrared pyroelectric bụ nke kristal pyroelectric ma ọ bụ "ferroelectrics" nwere polarization. Pyroelectric crystal bụ ụdị kristal piezoelectric, nke nwere usoro na-abụghị centrosymmetric. N'ọnọdụ okike, ebe a na-akwụ ụgwọ dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma adịghị adaba n'akụkụ ụfọdụ, a na-emepụtakwa ụgwọ ụfọdụ nke polarized n'elu kristal, nke a na-akpọ polarization ozugbo. Mgbe okpomọkụ kristal na-agbanwe, ọ nwere ike ime ka etiti nke ụgwọ dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma nke kristal gbanwee, ya mere, ụgwọ polarization na elu na-agbanwe ya. Na-emekarị elu ya na-ejide ụgwọ na-ese n'elu mmiri na ikuku ma na-edobe ọnọdụ nha nha eletrik. Mgbe elu nke ferroelectric dị na nha eletrik, mgbe ọkụ infrared na-agbapụta n'elu ya, okpomọkụ nke ferroelectric (ibé akwụkwọ) na-ebili ngwa ngwa, ike nke polarization na-ada ngwa ngwa, na ụgwọ agbụ na-ebelata nke ọma; ebe ụgwọ na-ese n'elu mmiri na-agbanwe nwayọọ nwayọọ. Ọ dịghị mgbanwe na esịtidem ferroelectric ahu.

N'ime oge dị mkpirikpi site na mgbanwe nke ike polarization kpatara site na mgbanwe okpomọkụ na ọnọdụ nha nha eletrik n'elu ọzọ, oke ụgwọ na-ese n'elu mmiri na-apụta n'elu ferroelectric, nke yiri ịhapụ akụkụ nke ụgwọ ahụ. A na-akpọ ihe omume a mmetụta pyroelectric. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-ewe ogologo oge maka ụgwọ n'efu iji wepụ ụgwọ agbụ n'elu, ọ na-ewe ihe karịrị sekọnd ole na ole, na oge ntụrụndụ nke polarization na-enweghị isi nke kristal dị mkpụmkpụ, ihe dị ka 10-12 sekọnd, ya mere, kristal pyroelectric nwere ike ịzaghachi mgbanwe okpomọkụ ngwa ngwa.

# Gaolai pneumatic ụdị

Mgbe gas na-etinye radieshon infrared n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke idobe otu olu, okpomọkụ ga-abawanye na nrụgide ga-abawanye. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmụba nrụgide na-adaba na ike radieshon infrared na-etinye obi gị dum, ya mere enwere ike tụọ ike radieshon infrared etinyere. A na-akpọ ihe nchọpụta infrared nke ụkpụrụ ndị dị n'elu mere ka a na-akpọ gas detectors, na Gao Lai tube bụ ihe na-achọpụta gas.

Ihe mmetụta Photon

Ndị nchọpụta infrared Photon na-eji ụfọdụ ihe semiconductor mepụta mmetụta fotoelectric n'okpuru irradiation nke radieshon infrared iji gbanwee ihe ọkụ eletrik nke ihe ndị ahụ. Site n'ịtụle mgbanwe na akụrụngwa eletriki, enwere ike ikpebi ike nke radieshon infrared. Ihe nchọpụta infrared nke mmetụta fotoelectric mere ka a na-akpọ mkpokọta foton detectors. Ihe ndị bụ isi bụ uche dị elu, ọsọ nzaghachi ngwa ngwa na ugboro nzaghachi dị elu. Mana ọ na-adịkarị mkpa ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na obere okpomọkụ, yana eriri nchọpụta dị warara.

Dị ka ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke onye na-achọpụta foton si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ozuzu ya na fotodetector dị n'èzí na fotodetector dị n'ime. A na-ekewa ndị na-ahụ maka ime foto n'ime ihe nchọpụta fotoconductive, ihe nchọpụta fotovoltaic na fotomagnetoelectric nchọpụta.

# Ihe nchọpụta foto mpụga (ngwa PE)

Mgbe ọkụ na-eme n'elu ụfọdụ ọla, metal oxides ma ọ bụ semiconductor, ọ bụrụ na ike foton buru oke ibu, elu nwere ike ịmịnye electrons. A na-akpọkarị ihe omume a dị ka emission photoelectron, nke bụ nke mmetụta fotoelectric mpụga. Igwe foto na tubes fotomultiplier bụ nke ụdị ihe nchọpụta foton a. Ọsọ nzaghachi na-adị ngwa ngwa, ma n'otu oge ahụ, ngwaahịa tube nke fotomultiplier nwere nnukwu uru, nke enwere ike iji mee ihe maka otu foton, mana ogologo ogologo ogologo dị warara, na nke kachasị ogologo bụ naanị 1700nm.

# Ihe nchọpụta fotoconductive

Mgbe semiconductor na-amịkọrọ foton ndị merenụ, ụfọdụ electrons na oghere dị na semiconductor na-agbanwe site na ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma gaa na steeti efu nke nwere ike iduzi ọkụ eletrik, si otú ahụ na-abawanye conductivity nke semiconductor. A na-akpọ ihe omume a mmetụta fotoconductivity. Ihe nchọpụta infrared mere site na mmetụta fotoconductive nke semiconductive na-akpọ fotoconductive detectors. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ bụ ụdị ihe nchọpụta foton kacha eji eme ihe.

# Ihe nchọpụta fotovoltaic (ngwa PU)

Mgbe infrared radieshon na-agbapụta na njikọ PN nke ụfọdụ ihe owuwu semiconductor, n'okpuru ọrụ nke ọkụ eletrik na PN junction, electrons free na mpaghara P na-aga na mpaghara N, na oghere ndị dị na mpaghara N na-aga n'ihu. Mpaghara P. Ọ bụrụ na oghere PN mepere emepe, a na-emepụta ike eletrik ọzọ na nsọtụ abụọ nke njikọ PN nke a na-akpọ foto electromotive force. A na-akpọ ndị na-achọpụta ihe site na iji mmetụta ike electromotive foto fotovoltaic detectors ma ọ bụ ihe nchọpụta infrared junction.

# Optical magnetoelectric detector

A na-etinye oghere magnetik n'azụ na nlele ahụ. Mgbe elu semiconductor na-amịkọrọ foton, electrons na oghere ndị a na-emepụta na-agbasa n'ime ahụ. N'oge usoro mgbasa ozi, electrons na oghere na-adaba na nsọtụ abụọ nke ihe nlele ahụ n'ihi mmetụta nke oghere magnetik. Enwere ihe dị iche n'etiti njedebe abụọ ahụ. A na-akpọ ihe omume a mmetụta opto-magnetoelectric. A na-akpọ ndị na-achọpụta ihe mmetụta foto-magnetoelectric foto-magneto-electric detectors (akpọtụrụ dị ka ngwaọrụ PEM).